Avian

Measurement of the percent bone marrow fat to assess the nutritional status of an individual animal. Recommended for diagnosis of malnutrition / starvation. 

Specimen:

Femur bone is preferred. 1 g marrow is required. 

Detection of desmethylbromethalin, the toxic metabolite of bromethalin, by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 2-5 g fresh adipose tissue, kidney, brain, liver, bait.

Measurement of cadmium by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 0.5 mL heparinized whole blood
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.3 mL EDTA whole blood is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of copper by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 1 mL serum or plasma
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 3 mL urine
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.3 mL serum or plasma is adequate. 

For ruminants and camelids, 5 g fresh kidney is required.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of iron in feed or tissue samples by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following:

• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of lead by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 0.50 mL EDTA whole blood or heparinized blood
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed
• 5 mL water

For birds, 0.30 mL EDTA whole blood is adequate. 

If both zinc and lead are requested, the minimum sample is 0.60 mL EDTA whole blood or heparinized blood. 

For bovine, 5 g kidney is preferred.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of manganese by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following:

• 0.50 mL EDTA whole blood or heparinized blood
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed
• 5 mL water

For birds, 0.30 mL EDTA whole blood is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of metals and minerals by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.  Targets include manganese, cobalt, copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium.A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following*: 

• both 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood and 1 mL serum (both sample types are required)
• 5 g fresh liver
• 0 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.6 mL EDTA or heparinized whole blood is adequate.

*Serum selenium provides current day levels, while whole blood selenium indicates selenium status over a longer period of time. TVMDL can interpret both serum and whole blood selenium concentrations for cattle, horses, sheep, birds or white-tailed deer. For goats, TVMDL has reference values for serum or plasma only.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of molybdenum by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 1 mL serum or plasma
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.3 mL serum or plasma is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of selenium by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 1 mL EDTA whole blood
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 2 mL serum or plasma
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.6 mL EDTA whole blood is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of thallium by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 0.50 mL EDTA whole blood or heparinized blood
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed
• 5 mL water

For birds, 0.30 mL EDTA whole blood is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Learn more about TVMDL’s Digital Toxicology Service then submit your specimens using the submission form for digital toxicology evaluation.

Specimen:

Plant, GI content, vomitus, water, or source material

Identification of components and toxic substances, such as plants and plant parts, algae, insects, or bait material.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 2 cups to 1 quart of GI content
• 20 mL water
• 500 g feed
• 2-4 flakes hay
• 10 g bait material

Follow up test for TVMDL’s toxin screens to provide quantitation for carbamates, cantharidin, ethylene glycol, glycolic acid, or metaldehyde. Measurement is performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 30 g GI content
• 10 g bait (source material)
• 40 g forage or hay
• 20 g liver
• 10 g crop contents
• environmental samples (swabs)

Measurement of trace minerals by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.  Targets include copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.  A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following*: 

• both 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood and 1 mL serum (both sample types are required)
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.6 mL EDTA or heparinized whole blood is adequate.

*Serum selenium provides current day levels, while whole blood selenium indicates selenium status over a longer period of time. TVMDL can interpret both serum and whole blood selenium concentrations for cattle, horses, sheep, birds or white-tailed deer. For goats, TVMDL has reference values for serum or plasma only.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.

Measurement of zinc by inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry. A $10.75 sample preparation fee will be added to tissue and feed specimens.

Specimen:

One or more of the following: 

• 1 mL serum or plasma
• 5 g fresh liver
• 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (at least 3 Tru-Cut samples, no fluid added)
• 500 g feed

For birds, 0.3 mL serum or plasma is adequate.

Blood, serum, and urine samples are tested on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 5 days. Tissue and feed samples are tested on Mondays and Thursdays with a turnaround time of 7 days.