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Small Ruminant Syndromic Diagnostic Plans

TVMDL has compiled syndrome specific diagnostic plans to assist clients in efficient diagnostic testing strategies based on clinical signs or gross necropsy findings. The client still has the ability to select the tests within the diagnostic plans that fit with the diagnostic goals and pre-test clinical suspicion of each case. Simply select the syndrome most appropriate for the case to review the testing recommendations and sampling requirements. Submit the appropriate samples and indicate which tests are desired by writing them in the “tests requested:” section of the submission form or electing them through the portal submission system. Listed tests are grouped by testing section and listed alphabetically.

Caprine/Ovine Respiratory Disease Diagnostic PlanCaprine/Ovine Pigmenturia Diagnostic Plan
Caprine/Ovine Diarrhea - Kids & Lambs Diagnostic PlanCaprine/Ovine Anemia Diagnostic Plan
Caprine Adult Diarrhea/Poor Production Diagnostic PlanCaprine/Ovine Ophthalmology Diagnostic Plan
Caprine/Ovine Infectious Abortion Diagnostic PlanCaprine/Ovine Dermatology Diagnostic Plan
Caprine/Ovine Neurologic Disease Diagnostic PlanCaprine/Ovine Pre-Purchase/Biosecurity Diagnostic Plan
Caprine/Ovine Sudden Death Diagnostic Plan


Caprine/Ovine Respiratory Disease 
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of the pathophysiology and etiologic agents involved the illness and/or death of small ruminants with clinical signs or postmortem findings consistent with lower respiratory system disease and/or bronchopneumonia.

Common Differentials:
Most cases of lower respiratory tract disease are of mixed etiology with various host, pathogen, and environmental predisposing factors.

Bacterial
Bibersteinia trehalosi
Bordetella parapertussis
Helcococcus ovis
Mannheimia haemolytica
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
Mycoplasma spp.
Pasteurella multocida

Viral
Adenovirus 6
Parainfluenza 3
Respiratory syncytial virus
Lentivirus
Bluetongue virus

Recommended initial testing:

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Lab
Schedule
Antimicrobial Susceptibility – Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bacterial Identification – Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Fresh respiratory tissue, TTW, BAL, swabs2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Mycoplasma spp. – Livestock (Culture)Fresh respiratory tissue, swabs14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (rtPCR)++1 g lung &/or trachea; 2 mL TTW or BAL; swab1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
TWRF
Respiratory Disease Panel – Bacterial (rtPCR)++ (M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, M. bovis, T. pyogenes)1 g lung &/or trachea; 2 mL TTW or BAL; swab1-3 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
TWRF
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)2-5 g fresh tissue, swabs, 5-10 mL heparin whole blood14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy)1 qt rumen contents, 20 mL water, 500 g feed, 4 flakes hay1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Baermann Test5 g feces1-3 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant0.5 mL serum, lithium heparin plasma1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Bluetongue & Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Multiplex (rtPCR)1 g fresh spleen, 2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Bluetongue Virus (rtPCR)1 g fresh spleen, 2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Bluetongue Virus Serotyping (rtPCR) (serotypes 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 17)Previously extracted nucleic acid1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Chlamydia spp. (rtPCR)1 g fresh respiratory tissue, swab1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (rtPCR) (ovine, ibex, white tail deer, caprine and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 strains)1 g fresh lymph node, liver, spleen, kidney, lung; 2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
Mycoplasma spp. (PCR)1 g fresh lung tissue, 0.5-2 mL joint fluid, swabs3-7 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
WR
NecropsyFresh Carcass1-4 daysNecropsyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bluetongue Virus (cELISA)1 mL Serum1-2 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MR
Mannheimia haemolytica (Microagglutination)1 mL serum or plasma1-2 daysSerologyCANMTWRF
Small Ruminant Lentivirus (cELISA) (CAE/OPP)1 mL serum1-3 daysSerologyCSMR
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (VN)++1 mL serum3-5 daysVirologyCANTF
Caprine Herpesvirus SN1 mL serum-ReferralCornell AHDC-
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Diarrhea – Kids & Lambs
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause or contribute to diarrhea in kids and lambs.

Common Differentials:

Bacterial
Clostridium perfringens
Escherichia coli
Salmonella spp.

Parasitical/Protozoal
Cryptosporidia
Coccidia
Giardia

Viral
Rotovirus group A and/or B

Recommended initial testing:

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) Includes Salmonella cultureFeces, fresh intestines, swabs2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) (if > 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation) (if < 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Calf Diarrhea Multiplex (rtPCR)++: Rotavirus group A, BCoV, cryptosporidium 5-10 f feces, 1-2 mL intestinal content, 1-2 g fresh intestine, colon1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Antimicrobial Susceptibility - Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Salmonella spp. (Culture)Feces, fresh intestines or LNN, swabs7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
R
Cryptosporidium & Giardia Panel (rtPCR)1-2 g feces, 1 g intestine, 1-2 mL intestinal content1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
E. coli Toxin Typing - Ruminant (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 days
1-2 days
Molecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
W
Salmonella genus (rtPCR)1 g feces, swabs, 1 g fresh intestine1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Electron Microscopy - Rotavirus5 g feces, 2-5 g fresh intestine, 2-5 mL intestinal content5-7 daysVirologyCSVariable
Salmonella Serotyping [Referral]Pure bacterial isolate-ReferralNVSL-
Rotavirus Ag Detection, group A (LA)5 mL feces-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Rotavirus FAFresh small intestine-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Bovine Enteric PCR Panel Rotavirus group A, BCoV, Salmonella spp, E coli K99, Cryptosporidium parvumFeces, intestinal content, fresh intestine, colon, swab-ReferralIA State VDL-
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine Adult Diarrhea/Poor Production
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss, or poor production in adult goats. The final testing plan will differ slightly for acute vs. chronic cases.

Common Differentials:

Bacterial
Endoparasitism
Coccidiosis

Parasitical
Johne’s Disease (MAP)

Viral
Rotavirus, group A and/or B

Other (Systemic Disease)
Indigestion
Ingestion of toxins
Liver Failure
Peritonitis
Renal Disease
Rumen acidosis
Sepsis/Toxemia

Recommended initial testing:

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Feces, fresh intestines, swabs2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant TP, ALB, AG ratio, globulin, Ca, P, Mg, glucose, CPK, BUN, creatinine, tBili, AST, GGT, GLDH, Na, K, Cl0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Liver Profile GGT, AST, GLDH, NEFA, Cholesterol, tBili, triglycerides, NEFA:Cholesterol ratio0.5 serum1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Electron Microscopy - Rotavirus5 g feces, 2-5 g fresh intestine, 2-5 mL intestinal content5-7 daysVirologyCSVariable
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium 1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Selenium (ICP/MS)1 mL EDTA blood (preferred), 2 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Selenium (ICP/MS)5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Vitamin E (HPLC)10 g liver, 2 mL serum1-7 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSM
Antimicrobial Susceptibility - Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Salmonella spp. (Culture)Feces, fresh intestines, swabs7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Parasite Identification (Gross Identification)Whole parasite (helminth/arthropod)1-3 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (rtPCR)++1-2 mL EDTA blood, 1 g lung, trachea, swab1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
TWRF
Calf Diarrhea Multiplex (rtPCR)++: Rotavirus group A, BCoV, cryptosporidium 5-10 f feces, 1-2 mL intestinal content, 1-2 g fresh intestine, colon1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
R
Cryptosporidium & Giardia Panel (rtPCR)1-2g feces, 1 g fresh intestine, 1-2 mL intestinal content1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
E. coli Toxin Typing - Ruminant (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 days
1-2 days
Molecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
W
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (rtPCR): (Johne's disease)1 g feces, 1-2 g intestines, 1 mL intestinal content1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Salmonella genus (rtPCR)++1 g feces, swabs, 1 g fresh intestine1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - Caprine/Ovine (SHI)2 mL serum, sterile collection technique 2-4 daysSerologyCSMTWR
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Ð Serum or Plasma (ELISA) (Johne's disease)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysSerologyCAN
CS
TWR
MR
Small Ruminant Lentivirus (cELISA)1 mL serum1-3 daysSerologyCSMR
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)Fresh tissue, swabs, heparin whole blood14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
Salmonella Serotyping [Referral]Pure bacterial isolate-ReferralNVSL-
Johne's Culture Non-Bovine1) 15g fresh feces; 2) Fresh distal ileum, ileocecal junction and associated lymph nodes-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Rotavirus FAFresh small intestine-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Rotavirus Ag Detection, group A (LA)Feces-ReferralCornell AHDC-
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Infectious Abortion
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause abortion in caprine or ovine females.

Common Differentials:

Bacterial/Protozoal
Brucella spp.
Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
Campylobacter jejuni
Chlamydophila abortus
Coxiella burnetii
Leptospira spp.
Listeria spp.
Salmonella spp.
Toxoplasma gondii
Yersinia spp
MISC other bacteria/fungi

Viral
Bluetongue virus (Orbivirus)
Border disease virus (Pestivirus)
Cache Valley virus (Bunyavirus)

Other (noninfectious mimics)
Energy/Protein deficiency
Copper deficiency
Heavy metal intoxication
Iodine deficiency +/- Brassica plants
Nitrate-nitrite toxicity
Toxic plants

 

 

 

Recommended initial testing for fetus & placenta

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Abortion Panel - Livestock Bacterial (Culture): includes trichomonas, campylobacter, brucella, and listeriaFetal stomach contents, fetal tissue, placenta10 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Coxiella burnetii (rtPCR)1 g fetal liver or fetal lung, 1-2 mL fetal stomach content, 1 g placenta, 1-2 mL vaginal discharge, 1-2 mL colostrum or milk1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
Campylobacter jejuni (rtPCR)1 g fresh fetal tissue or placenta, 1-2 mL fetal stomach content, 1-2 mL uterine discharge or cervical mucous1-3 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
TWRF
Chlamydia spp. (rtPCR)1 g fetal liver or spleen, 1 g placenta1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Toxoplasma gondii (rtPCR)1-2 g fresh fetal tissue1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (rtPCR)++1 g fetal lung, 1-2 mL semen, 1-2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
Abortion Panel - Caprine/Ovine Serology: Leptospira Panel - 5 Serovars (MAT), Toxoplasma IgG (IFA), Coxiella burnetii (ELISA), Bluetongue Virus (AGID), and Brucella abortus (Card Agglutination)2 mL fetal body fluids2-4 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests for fetus and placenta
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium 5 g fetal liver, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Nitrates - Fluids (Colorimetric)1 mL ocular fluid, eyeball1-2 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc5 g fetal liver, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Campylobacter spp. (Culture)Swabs (charcoal), fetal stomach content, fetal fluid, fetal tissue 7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Salmonella spp. (Culture)Fetal stomach contents, fetal tissue, Amies culture swabs7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Bluetongue Virus (rtPCR)1 g fetal spleen, 2 mL EDTA whole blood, 1-2 mL semen1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Bunyavirus & Cache Valley Virus (PCR)1 g fresh fetal kidney, brain, &/or placenta4-5 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCANR
Campylobacter fetus Differentiation (rtPCR)1 g fetal tissue (lung) &/or placenta, 2 mL fetal stomach contents, bacterial isolate, 1-2 mL preputial wash, uterine wash, or cervical swab1-3 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
TWRF
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR)++ (Caprine)1 g fresh fetal kidney, liver, &/or placenta, 1-2 mL urine1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (rtPCR) Ovine, ibex, white tail deer, caprine and alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 strains1 g fetal liver, spleen, kidney, lung, or lymph node, 1-2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
TWRF
TWRF
Neospora caninum (rtPCR)1 g fetal brain (preferred), placenta, liver, lung, &/or heart2-3 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Bluetongue Virus Isolation (Egg Inoculation)2-5 g fetal spleen, 1 mL semen, 2-5 mL whole blood7-21 daysVirologyCSR
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)2-5 g fresh tissues, swabs, 1 mL semen, 5-10 mL heparin blood 14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
Salmonella Serotyping [Referral]Pure bacterial isolate-ReferralNVSL-
Leptospira spp. PCR
(Ovine)
5 gm tissue (kidney, fetal material, placenta)-ReferralKSVDL-
Listeria monocytogenes PCR10 gm tissue (liver, spleen, brain, fetus, placenta)-ReferralKSVDL-
Listeria monocytogenes (PCR) [Referral]5 g brain or fetal tissue, 2 mL EDTA blood, 2 mL CSF, 50 mL milk-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Campylobacter IHCFixed tissue-ReferralMSU VDL-
Leptospira spp IHCFixed kidney-ReferralMSU VDL-
Listeria monocytogenes IHCFixed tissue-ReferralMSU VDL-
Toxoplasma gondii IHCFixed tissue-ReferralMSU VDL-
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

 

View secondary or additional tests for dam serology
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Selenium (ICP/MS)1 mL EDTA blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (rtPCR)++1-2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
TWRF
Campylobacter fetus (Microagglutination)1 mL serum or plasma1-2 daysSerologyCANMTWRF
Abortion Panel- Caprine/Ovine Serology: Leptospira Panel - 5 Serovars (MAT), Toxoplasma IgG (IFA), Coxiella burnetii (ELISA), Bluetongue Virus (AGID), and Brucella abortus (Card Agglutination)2 mL serum2-4 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Neospora caninum (ELISA)++1 mL serum1-3 daysVirology
Serology
CAN
CS
MR
Toxoplasma gondii IgG (IFA)1 mL serum1-3 days
1-2 days
SerologyCAN
CS
MTWR
MTWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Panel (VN)++ BVD types 1a, 1b, and 21 mL serum3 daysVirologyCANTF
Cache Valley Virus (VN)1 mL serum3 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
MF
Chlamydia psittaci CF
Enzootic ovine abortion
2-3 mL serum-ReferralNVSL-
Caprine herpesvirus SN1 mL serum-ReferralCornell AHDC-
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Neurologic Disease
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause neurologic abnormalities or disease in sheep or goats.

Bacterial
Bacterial meningitis/encephalitis
Enterotoxemia – C. perfringens
Listeriosis
Tetanus

Metabolic
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypophosphatemia
Negative Energy Balance

Viral
Lentivirus (CAEV/MVV)
Rabies virus

Other
Acidosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lead toxicosis
Meningeal worm
Organophosphate toxicity
Polioencephalomalacia
Sodium toxicosis
Space occupying lesion
(abscess, etc)
Sulfur toxicosis
Thiamine deficiency
Toxic Plants
Trauma
Urea Toxicity
Water deprivation

 

Recommended initial antemortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)0.5 mL CSF (red top tube)2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CSF Cytology: gross exam, total protein, cell counts, microscopic evaluation 0.5 mL CSF (EDTA tube)1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant0.5 mL Serum1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

Recommended initial postmortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium 5 g liver,50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy)1 qt rumen contents, 20 mL water, 500 g feed, 4 flakes hay1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)0.5 mL CSF or 1 g brain2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Fresh kidney or liver2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CSF Cytology: gross exam, total protein concentration, cell counts, microscopic evaluation0.5 mL CSF (EDTA tube) & air dried slide1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Magnesium: Ocular fluid0.5 mL ocular fluid, eyeball1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Rabies Virus (FA) [Referral]Fresh entire brain-ReferralTX DSHS-
Cholinesterase (Kinetic pH/Kinetic Colorimetric)Entire fresh brain, 5 mL EDTA blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)5g kidney, 3 mL urine2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)5 g liver,50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Lead (ICP/MS)0.5 mL EDTA or heparin whole blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Lead (ICP/MS)5 g kidney, 5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed, 5 mL water2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium Both 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood and 1 mL serum (royal blue top tube)1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Pesticide Screen (GC/MS)30 g GI content, 10 g bait, 40 g forage or hay, 20 g liver, 20 mL water, 20 g soil, swab1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Pesticide Quantitation (GC/MS): measures pesticides previously identified by Pesticide Screen test30 g GI content, 10 g bait, 40 g forage or hay, 20 g liver, swabs1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
pH (pH Electrode)500 g rumen content1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCAN
CS
MTWRF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Vitamin A (HPLC)10 g liver, 2 mL serum (protect from light)1-7 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSM
Vitamin E (HPLC)10 g liver, 2 mL serum1-7 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSM
Septicemia (Culture)Blood inoculated into blood culture media14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CSF Analysis - Creatine Kinase (CK)++0.5 mL CSF (red top tube)1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
CSF Analysis – Electrolytes: Na, Cl, K++
Paired CSF and serum recommended
0.5 CSF (red top tube) and 0.5 mL serum1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Cytology (Digital)2-10 JPEG/PNG images of slide(s)1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
(8am-4pm)
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
R
G6S Detection (rtPCR)1-2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTR
NecropsyCarcass1-4 daysNecropsyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Small Ruminant Lentivirus (cELISA) (CAE/OPP)1 mL serum1-3 daysSerologyCSMR
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)2-5 g fresh tissue, 14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
Sodium (FAAS) [Referral]Fresh brain hemisphere (20 g)-ReferralCSU VDL-
Listeria monocytogenes (PCR) [Referral]5 g brain, 2 mL EDTA blood, 2 mL CSF, 50 mL milk-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Listeria monocytogenes PCR10 gm tissue (liver, spleen, brain)-ReferralKSVDL-
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Sudden Death
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause peracute or sudden mortality in goat or sheep patients.

Common Differentials

Infectious
Acute septicemia
Anthrax
Clostridial disease
Coliform mastitis
Listeriosis
Mycoplasmosis
Pasteurellosis
Septic metritis

Environmental 
Blue-green algae
Heat stress/Hyperthermia
Lightening
Ruminal acidosis
Toxic plants/Other toxins
Water deprivation/Sodium toxicity

Other 
Anaphylaxis
Copper
Liver Flukes
Polioencephalomalacia

Recommended initial testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy) Rumen Content1 qt rumen contents, 20 mL water, 500 g feed, 4 flakes hay1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Fresh tissue (Brain or CSF, Intestines, +/- Lung, Kidney), swabs2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Clostridium spp. (FA)++Fresh or fixed liver1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Respiratory Disease Panel - Bacterial (rtPCR)++ (M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, M. bovis, T. pyogenes)1 g lung &/or trachea; 2 mL TTW or BAL; swab1-3 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
TWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Cholinesterase (Kinetic pH/Kinetic Colorimetric)Entire fresh brain, 5 mL EDTA blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)5g kidney, 3 mL urine2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Copper (ICP/MS)5 g liver,50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Toxicology Evaluation (Digital)2-10 JPEG/PNG images of plant, beetle, mushroom, blue-green algae, etc.1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Herbicide (GC/MS)30 g GI contents, 10 g bait (source material), 40 g forage or hay, 20 g liver1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Ionophores (LC/MS)500 g feed or GI content1-6 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSF
Lead (ICP/MS)0.5 mL EDTA or heparin whole blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Lead (ICP/MS)5 g kidney, 5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed, 5 mL water2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium 1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Heavy Metal Panel (ICP/MS)
Lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, thallium
1 mL EDTA blood1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Heavy Metal Panel (ICP/MS)
Lead, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, thallium
5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Nitrates - Fluids (Colorimetric)1 mL ocular fluid, entire eye ball, 1 mL urine, 1 mL serum, 20 mL water1-2 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Nitrates - Hay/Forage (Ion Selective)8-15 fresh forage stalks or 1 plastic or paper bag containing core samples from baled hay2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Pesticide Screen (GC/MS)30 g GI content, 10 g bait, 40 g forage or hay, 20 g liver, 20 mL water, 20 g soil, swab1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Pesticide Quantitation (GC/MS): measures pesticides previously identified by Pesticide Screen test30 g GI content, 10 g bait, 40 g forage or hay, 20 g liver, swabs1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
pH (pH Electrode)500 g rumen content1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCAN
CS
MTWRF
Selenium (ICP/MS)1 mL EDTA blood, 2 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Selenium (ICP/MS)5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Antimicrobial Susceptibility - Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bacillus anthracis (Culture)Blood, swabs from orifices, spleen3 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Mastitis (Culture)Milk7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Mycoplasma spp. - Livestock (Culture)Fresh lung or other indicated tissue14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Mycoplasma spp. - Milk (Culture)Milk14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Septicemia (Culture)Blood inoculated into blood culture media14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Salmonella spp. (Culture)Fresh intestines, LNN, other tissue or swabs7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Magnesium: Ocular fluid0.5 mL ocular fluid, eyeball1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR)Pure bacterial isolate1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
R
Mycoplasma spp. (PCR)1 g fresh tissue, 0.5-2 mL joint fluid, swab3-7 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
WR
TR
Salmonella genus (rtPCR)1 g feces, swabs, 1 g fresh intestine1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
NecropsyCarcass1-4 daysNecropsyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)2-5 g fresh tissue,5-10 mL heparin blood14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
Salmonella Serotyping [Referral]Pure bacterial isolate-ReferralNVSL-
Sodium (FAAS) [Referral]Fresh brain hemisphere (20 g)-ReferralCSU VDL-
Listeria monocytogenes (PCR) [Referral]5 g brain, 2 mL EDTA blood, 2 mL CSF, 50 mL milk-ReferralCornell AHDC-
Listeria monocytogenes PCR10 gm tissue (liver, spleen, brain)-ReferralKSVDL-
Feed Nutritional Testing [Referral]1 lb. feed-ReferralServi-Tech Labs-
Water AnalysisWater Sample Link
500 mL water
-ReferralTAMU AgriLife-
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Pigmenturia
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may be associated with pigmenturia in caprine or ovine patients.

Common Differentials

  • Hematuria: cystitis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, trauma, reproductive tract contamination, bracken fern toxicity, septicemia/DIC
  • Hemoglobinuria: copper toxicity, leptospirosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria ( novyi D), toxic plant ingestion, water intoxication/isoerythrolysis, phosphorus deficiency
  • Myoglobinuria: myositis, prolonged recumbency/compartment syndrome, trauma, severe myodegeneration, toxic plant ingestion

Recommended initial antemortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Copper (ICP/MS)3 mL urine2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Bacterial Identification -Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Urine2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant0.5 mL Serum1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Urinalysis3 mL urine1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR)++(Caprine)1-2 mL urine1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Leptospira Panel - 5 Serovars (MAT) pomona, ictero., canicola, grippo., and hardjo1 mL serum1-2 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MWF
MTWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

Recommended initial postmortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Copper (ICP/MS)5g kidney2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy)1 qt rumen contents, 20 mL water, 500 g feed, 4 flakes hay1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Bacterial Identification -Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Renal pelvis &/or urine2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Clostridium spp. (FA)++Fresh or fixed liver1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR)++ (Caprine)1 g fresh kidney, liver1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Schedule
Copper (ICP/MS)5 g liver,50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium 1 mL EDTA blood and 1 mL serum in royal blue top tube1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, thallium5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Plant IdentificationIntact, preserved plant1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Toxicology Evaluation (Digital)2-10 JPEG/PNG images of plant, beetle, mushroom, blue-green algae, etc.1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS): copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc5 g liver, 50 mg liver biopsy, 500 g feed2-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSTF
Urolith Composition (FTIR)Clean, dry uroliths1-3 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Urine Crystal Identification3 mL urine1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
NecropsyCarcass1-4 daysNecropsyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Leptospira Panel - 6 Serovars (MAT) pomona, ictero., canicola, grippo., hardjo, and bratislavaSerum1-2 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MWF
MTWRF
Leptospira Panel - 7 Serovars (MAT) pomona, ictero., canicola, grippo., hardjo, bratislava, and autumnalisSerum1-2 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MWF
MTWRF
Leptospira Panel - 8 Serovars (MAT) pomona, ictero., canicola, grippo., hardjo, bratislava, autumnalis, and sejroeSerum1-2 daysSerologyCAN
CS
MWF
MTWRF
Water Analysis - Routine [Referral] ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium), sulfates, chloride, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved salts (TDS)Water Sample Link
500 mL water
-ReferralTAMU AgriLife-
Water Analysis - Routine & Metals [Referral]: ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium), sulfates, chloride, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved salts (TDS), and metals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese)Water Sample Link
500 mL water
-ReferralTAMU AgriLife-
Water Analysis - Routine & Heavy Metals [Referral]: ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium), sulfates, chloride, pH, conductivity, and total dissolved salts (TDS), as well as metals (zinc, iron, copper, manganese), and heavy metals (arsenic, barium, chromium, cadmium, fluoride, nickel lead)Water Sample Link
500 mL water
-ReferralTAMU AgriLife-
Feed Nutritional Testing [Referral]1 lb feed-ReferralServi-Tech Labs-
Livestock Water Suitability: Nitrate-nitrogen, Chloride, Sulfate-sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Total dissolved solids, Total hardness, Electrical conductivity, Water pH, Livestock hazard ratings500 mL water-ReferralServi-Tech Labs-
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Anemia
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may be associated with pale mucous membranes or anemia in caprine or ovine patients.

Common Differentials: endoparasitism, ectoparasitism, blood loss/trauma, chronic disease

Recommended initial antemortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant0.5 mL Serum1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) (if > 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation) (if < 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

Recommended postmortem testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Feces, intestines, abnormal tissues 2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) (if > 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation) (if < 3 wks old)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
HistopathologyTissues in 10% NBF2-5 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Hemoparasite Examination (Wright-Giemsa Stain)0.5 mL EDTA blood or air-dried slide1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Fecal Occult Blood (Guiac)1 g feces1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Iron Profile: Iron & TIBC0.5 mL serum1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Septicemia (Culture)Blood inoculated into blood culture media14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
NecropsyCarcass1-4 daysNecropsyCAN
CS
MTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Ophthalmology
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may be associated with ophthalmic abnormalities in caprine and ovine patients.

Common Differentials: Trauma, Mycoplasma keratoconjunctivitis (Mycoplasma spp), Chlamydophila Keratoconjunctivitis (Chlamydophila spp), other bacterial infections (Branhamella spp., Moraxella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Pasteurella spp.), Neoplasia

  • Bacterial blepharitis: Actinobacillus lignieresii, Clostridium novyi, Dermatophilus congolensis
  • Viral blepharitis: parapoxvirus, capripoxivirus, orbivirus
  • Parasitic/Other blepharitis: mange mites, photosensitization, aberrant elaeophoriasis, contact hypersensitivity, cutaneous myiasis
  • Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (primary pathogen): Mycoplasma conjunctivae, Chlamydophila pecorum

Recommended initial testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Antimicrobial Susceptibility - Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Swab Ð Amies Charcoal (lesion, conjunctiva, cornea, 3rd eyelid)2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Campylobacter spp. (Culture)Swab Ð Amies Charcoal (lesion, conjunctiva, cornea, 3rd eyelid)7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Mycoplasma spp. - Livestock (Culture)Swab Ð Amies Charcoal (lesion, conjunctiva, cornea, 3rd eyelid)14 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Cytology - Aspirate/Smear - CorneaAir dried slides1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Dermatophilus sp. (Stain)Exudate, impression smears1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Fungal Identification (Culture)Swab (lesion, cornea)21 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (rtPCR)++PCR swab (lesion, cornea) 2 mL EDTA blood 1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
MTWRF
TWRF
Bluetongue Virus (rtPCR)2 mL EDTA blood1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Mycoplasma spp. (PCR)PCR swab3-7 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCAN
CS
WR
TR
Parapoxvirus (rtPCR)1 g fresh lesions or scabs1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Electron Microscopy2-5 g fresh samples5-7 daysVirologyCSVariable
Listeria monocytogenes (PCR) [Referral]2 mL EDTA blood-ReferralCornell AHDCMTWRF
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements. However, testing results will be confirmed with positive and negative controls.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Dermatology
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may be associated with dermatopathology in caprine and ovine patients.

Common Differentials: Mites (mange), lice (pediculosis), dermatophytosis (ringworm), bacterial infection, parapoxvirus infection (orf/contagious ecthyma), dermatophilosis, photosensitization, fly bite dermatitis

Recommended initial testing

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Bacterial Identification - Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)Fresh skin tissue, swab2-7 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Dermatophilus sp. (Stain)Exudate, impression smears1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Fungal Identification (Culture)Fresh tissue, swabs, fungal isolate21 daysBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
Cytology (Skin scraping/impression smear)Skin scraping material or air-dried slide1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Histopathology - skin biopsyFormalin (NBF) fixed skin tissue2-3 daysHistopathologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Parapoxvirus (rtPCR)1 g fresh lesions or scabs1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
DermatopathologyFormalin fixed skin tissue-ReferralTAMU CVM-
Plant IdentificationIntact, preserved plant1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy)1 qt rumen contents, 20 mL water, 500 g feed, 4 flakes hay1-5 daysAnalytical ChemistryCSMTWRF
Antimicrobial Susceptibility - Food Animal (indicate MIC or KB preference)Pure bacterial isolate1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRF
Clostridium spp. (FA)++Fresh or fixed liver1 dayBacteriologyCAN
CS
MTWRFS
CBC - Livestock1 mL EDTA whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Chemistry Profile - Ruminant: TP, ALB, AG ratio, globulin, Ca, P, Mg, glucose, CPK, BUN, creatinine, tBili, AST, GGT, GLDH, Na, K, Cl0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma1 dayClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - Caprine/Ovine (SHI) (caseous lymphadenitis)2 mL serum2-4 daysSerologyCSMTWR
Electron Microscopy2-5 g fresh samples5-7 daysVirologyCSVariable
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture)2-5 g fresh tissue,5-10 mL heparin blood14-21 daysVirologyCAN
CS
TF
T
++Due to the limited number of submissions from some species, validation of test results cannot be accomplished within AAVLD requirements.
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)


Caprine/Ovine Pre-Purchase/Biosecurity
The following tests are available to detect or gain relevant information on diseases that are common risks to operation biosecurity when introducing new animals to the population. The final testing package will depend on individual operation biosecurity protocols and management goals.

Common diseases of concern to small ruminant operations:  small ruminant lentivirus (CAE/OPP), corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (caseous lymphadenitis), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease), parapoxvirus (orf/contagious ecthyma), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

Basic Serology Screening: Caprine/Ovine

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - Caprine/Ovine (SHI) (caseous lymphadenitis)2 mL serum2-4 daysSerologyCSMTWR
Small Ruminant Lentivirus (cELISA) (CAE/OPP)1 mL serum1-3 daysSerologyCSMR
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - Serum or Plasma (ELISA) (Johne's disease)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysSerologyCAN
CS
TWR
MR
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

Comprehensive Serology Screening: Caprine/Ovine

Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - Caprine/Ovine (SHI) (caseous lymphadenitis)2 mL serum2-4 daysSerologyCSMTWR
Small Ruminant Lentivirus (cELISA) (CAE/OPP)1 mL serum1-3 daysSerologyCSMR
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - Serum or Plasma (ELISA) (Johne's disease)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysSerologyCAN
CS
TWR
MR
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (rtPCR)1 g feces1-4 daysMolecular DiagnosticsCSTWRF
Coxiella burnetii (ELISA)1 mL serum or plasma1-3 daysSerologyCSTF
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)
View secondary or additional tests
Test
Samples
Turnaround Time
Section
Laboratory
Schedule
Parapoxvirus (rtPCR)1 g fresh lesions or scabs1-4 daysMolecularDiagnosticsCSTWRF
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation)3-5 g feces1-2 daysClinical PathologyCSMTWRF
Scrapie genetic testing (Sheep / Goats)Submission Form Link-ReferralGene Check, Inc-
TAT = Testing Result Turnaround Time, Schedule = (M) Monday, (T) Tuesday, (W) Wednesday, (R) Thursday, (F) Friday, S (Saturday)

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