Click below to view each plan
TVMDL has compiled syndrome specific diagnostic plans to assist clients in efficient diagnostic testing strategies based on clinical signs or gross necropsy findings. The client still has the ability to select the tests within the diagnostic plans that fit with the diagnostic goals and pre-test clinical suspicion of each case. Simply select the syndrome most appropriate for the case to review the testing recommendations and sampling requirements. Submit the appropriate samples and indicate which tests are desired by writing them in the “tests requested:” section of the submission form or electing them through the portal submission system. Listed tests are grouped by testing section and listed alphabetically.
Equine Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan: Adult
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause diarrhea in adult equines.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification – Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Includes Salmonella and Clostridium culture | Feces | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFSa |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Salmonella Genus (rtPCR) | 1 g feces, fecal swabs, 1 g fresh intestine, bacterial cultures | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Parasite and Ova Count (McMasters) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A & B (ELISA) | 2 g feces | 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR) | pure bacterial isolate | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Lawsonia intracellularis (rtPCR)++ | 1 g feces and/or fresh intestine | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | WF |
Equine Enteric Coronavirus PCR | Feces, fecal swabs, intestinal tissue | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Hemoparasite Exam (Wright-Giemsa Stain) | 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood or air-dried slide | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Metal & Mineral Panel (ICP/MS) | 0.5 mL EDTA whole blood and 1 mL serum, 1 mL serum or plasma, 5 g fresh liver, 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples), 500 g feed | 1-3 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Arsenic – Inorganic (Reinsch) | 500 g GI content, 500 g soil, 10 g suspect powder | 1-3 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Beetle Identification (Microscopy) | Suspect blister beetle | 1-2 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Cantharidin (LC/MS) | 500 g GI content, 500 g feed, 5 mL urine, 5 mL serum | 2-10 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Neorickettsia risticii (IFA) | 1 mL serum | 1-4 days | Serology | CS | TF |
Neorickettsia risticii (qPCR) | 10 mL EDTA whole blood and 5 g feces or fecal swab. For post mortem testing, 0.5 g mucosal scraping. | - | Referral | Kentucky | - |
Lawsonia IPMA | 1 ml serum | - | Referral | UMN VDL | - |
++ Equine proliferative enteropathy generally manifests in foals < 1 year of age (usually 4-7 months of age) | |||||
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan: Foal up to 4 Months
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause diarrhea in foals up to 4 months of age.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification – Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Includes Salmonella and Clostridium culture | Feces | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFSa |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Salmonella Genus (rtPCR) | 1 g feces, fecal swabs, 1 g fresh intestine, bacterial cultures | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Electron Microscopy – Rotavirus/Coronavirus | 3-5 g feces | 5-7 days | Virology | CS | Variable |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A & B (ELISA) | 2 g feces | 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Enteric Coronavirus PCR | Feces, fecal swabs, intestinal tissue | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Immunoglobulin IgG TIA | 0.5 mL serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Lawsonia intracellularis (rtPCR)++ | 1 g feces and/or fresh intestine | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | WF |
Rotavirus group A RLA | 5cc feces | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Rotavirus, group A IHC | intestine | - | Referral | Iowa | - |
Fecal Occult Blood (Guiac) | 1 g feces | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Selenium (ICP/MS) | 1 mL EDTA whole blood, 5 g fresh liver, 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples), 2 mL serum or plasma, 500 g feed | 1-3 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Cryptosporidium sp. rtPCR | 1 g feces, 1 mL intestinal content, 1-2 g fresh intestine | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Urinalysis | 3 mL urine | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Rhodococcus equi (vapA gene) | Feces | - | Referral | UC Davis rtPCR | - |
Foal and Neonate GI/Diarrhea PCR panel: C. difficile toxin A & B, Eq coronavirus, L. intracellularis, Salmonella spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Eq rotavirus, R, equi (vapA), C. perfringens antigens & toxins | Feces or rectal swab | - | Referral | UC Davis rtPCR | - |
++ Equine proliferative enteropathy generally manifests in foals < 1 year of age (usually 4-7 months of age) | |||||
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan: Weanling to Yearling
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause diarrhea in equines age weanling to yearling.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification – Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Includes Salmonella and Clostridium culture | Feces | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFSa |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Salmonella Genus (rtPCR) | 1 g feces, fecal swabs, 1 g fresh intestine, bacterial cultures | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Lawsonia intracellularis (rtPCR)++ | 1 g feces and/or fresh intestine | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | WF |
Clostridium difficile Toxin A & B (ELISA) | 2 g feces | 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Clostridium perfringens Typing (rtPCR) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Enteric Coronavirus PCR | Feces, fecal swabs, intestinal tissue | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Immunoglobulin IgG TIA | 0.5 mL serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Electron Microscopy – Rotavirus/Coronavirus | 3-5 g feces | 5-7 days | Virology | CS | Variable |
Rotavirus group A RLA | 5cc feces | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Rotavirus, group A IHC | intestine | - | Referral | Iowa | - |
Fecal Occult Blood (Guiac) | 1 g feces | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Selenium (ICP/MS) | 1 mL EDTA whole blood, 5 g fresh liver, 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples), 2 mL serum or plasma, 500 g feed | 1-3 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Cryptosporidium sp. rtPCR | 1 g feces, 1 mL intestinal content, 1-2 g fresh intestine | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Urinalysis | 3 mL urine | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Rhodococcus equi (vapA gene) | Feces | - | Referral | UC Davis rtPCR | - |
Foal GI/Diarrhea PCR panel: C. difficile toxin A & B, Eq coronavirus, L. intracellularis, Salmonella spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Eq rotavirus, R, equi (vapA), C. perfringens antigens & toxins | Feces or rectal swab | - | Referral | UC Davis rtPCR | - |
++ Equine proliferative enteropathy generally manifests in foals < 1 year of age (usually 4-7 months of age) | |||||
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Pre-Purchase/Biosecurity Diagnostic Plan
The following tests are available to detect or gain relevant information on diseases that are common risks to herd biosecurity when introducing new animals to the population. The final testing package will depend on individual operation biosecurity protocols and management goals.
Recommended initial testing:
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (ELISA) | 2 mL serum | 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Parasite and Ova Count (McMasters) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Chemistry Profile - Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CBC - Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Drug Screen – Equine Pre-Purchase (LC/MS) | 5 mL serum | 1-3 days | Analytical Chemistry | CS | MTWRF |
Equine Arteritis Virus (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1&4 (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3-5 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Equine Influenza Virus Antibody Titer Panel (HI) | 1 mL serum | 2-3 days | Virology | CS | R |
Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) PRNT Panel | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | NVSL | - |
WNV PRNT | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | NVSL | - |
Streptococcus equi SEM ELISA | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | EDS KY | - |
Rabies vaccination titer | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | KSU RL | - |
WNV IgG/IgM Capture ELISA Panel | 2 mL serum or CSF | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Dermatology Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may be associated with dermatologic conditions in the equine.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Fresh skin tissue, swab | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Fungal Identification (Culture) | Fresh tissue, swabs, fungal isolate | 21 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Cytology/Parasite exam (Skin scraping/biopsy) | Skin scraping material | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology – skin biopsy | Formalin fixed skin tissue | 2-3 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Dermatopathology | Formalin fixed skin tissue | - | Referral | TAMU CVM | - |
Dermatophilus sp (Stain) | Tissue, aspirates, exudates, impression smears | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Joint Disease Diagnostic Plan: Foal
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause joint disease in the foal.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Joint fluid, swab | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Joint Fluid Cytology (TNCC/Protein) | 0.5 ml joint fluid split into red top tube and EDTA tube along with air dried slide | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Immunoglobulin IgG TIA | Serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Fungal Identification (Culture) | Fresh tissue, swabs, fungal isolate. | 21 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Necropsy | Carcass | 1-4 days | Necropsy | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Formalin fixed tissue | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 9 or More Tissues | Formalin fixed tissue | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Ophthalmology Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause ophthalmic disease in the equine.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic and Anaerobic Culture) | Corneal swab, conjunctival swab | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Fungal Identification (Culture) | Fresh tissue, urine, swabs, feces, fungal isolate | 21 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Cytology – Aspirate/Smear | 0.5 ml aspirate fluid split into red top tube and EDTA tube along with air dried slide | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Leptospira Panel – 6 serovars (MAT) | Serum | 1-3 days 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MWF MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR) | 1-2 mL urine, 1 g fresh tissue (kidney, liver, placenta) | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Conjunctival Biopsy + Filarid exam | Formalin fixed and fresh conjunctival tissue | 2-3 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Borrelia species (rtPCR) | 0.5-2.0 ml EDTA blood | 1-3 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWR |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Neurologic Disease Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause neurologic disease in the equine species.
Recommended initial testing: Antemortem:
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CSF Analysis – Cytology | 0.5 mL CSF split into red top tube and EDTA tube along with air dried slide | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CSF Analysis – Microprotein | 0.5 mL cerebrospinal fluid | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Bacterial Identification -Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | 0.1 mL CSF in sterile red top tube or swab | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Equine Encephalitis Panel (ELISA) | 1 mL serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 2-4 days | Serology | CS | TR |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (rtPCR) | 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood or deep nasopharyngeal swab | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Sarcocystis neurona SAG 2/4/3 serum-to-CSF titer ratio | 1 mL serum and 1 mL CSF in red top tubes | - | Referral | EDS KY | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Recommended initial testing: Postmortem
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Fresh brain tissue, CSF, or swabs | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
West Nile Virus (rtPCR) | fresh brain, spinal cord, or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 & 4 (rtPCR) | 1 g each fresh tissue (spleen, liver, kidney, lung, pharynx) | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Rabies Virus FA | Fresh brain (all animals) or entire head (small animals only) | - | Referral | TSDHS | - |
Necropsy | Fresh Carcass | 1-4 days | Necropsy | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Western Equine Encephalitis (VN) | 1 mL serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 3-4 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF |
Equine Encephalomyelitis (HI) | 1.0 mL serum | - | Referral | NVSL | - |
West Nile IgM Capture (ELISA) | 1 mL serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 2-3 days 2-4 days | Serology Virology | CAN CS | MR TR |
Equine Herpesvirus – Type 1 (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: nasal swabs, 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood, 1 g fresh tissue (liver, spleen, brain, aborted fetal tissue, placental tissue). | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Toxicology Evaluation (Microscopy) | 2 cups to 1 quart of GI content | 1-5 days | Toxicology | CS | MTWRF |
Metal and Mineral Panel – (ICP/MS) | 5 grams fresh liver | 2-5 days | Toxicology | CS | TF |
Lead (ICP/MS) | 0.50 mL EDTA whole blood or heparinized blood | 1-3 days | Toxicology | CS | MTWRF |
Vitamin E (HPLC) | 10 g liver | 1-7 days | Toxicology | CS | R |
Vitamin E (HPLC) | 2 mL serum | 1-7 days | Toxicology | CS | R |
Sarcocystis neurona (Western blot) | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | EDS KY | - |
Sarcocystis neurona SAG 2/4/3 ELISA | 1 mL serum and 1 mL CSF in red top tubes | - | Referral | EDS KY | - |
Sarcocystis neurona PCR (CSF) | 1 mL CSF in EDTA tube | - | Referral | EDS KY | - |
Sarcocystis neurona PCR (brain) | brain tissue | - | Referral | UCDavis rtPCR | - |
Neospora hughesi/caninum (CSF or Brain) | CSF, aborted material, brain or heart tissue | - | Referral | UCDavis rtPCR | - |
EEE PCR (CSF or Brain) | Brain tissue | - | Referral | NVSL | - |
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis muscle biopsy | Click here for sample collection instructions | - | Referral | NMDL-MSU | - |
Botulism ABC rtPCR | Feces, feed | - | Referral | U of Penn | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Infectious Abortion Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of abortion in the equine.
Recommended initial testing: Fetus and Placenta
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Bacterial Identification -Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Fresh tissue or swabs | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (rtPCR) | Aborted fetus: 1 g each fresh tissue (lung, liver, adrenal, lymphoid, placenta). Live animal: nasal swabs or 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: 1 g fresh tissue (kidney, liver, placenta). | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Necropsy | Fresh Carcass | 1-4 days | Necropsy | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus – Type 1 (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: nasal swabs, 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood, 1 g fresh tissue (liver, spleen, brain, aborted fetal tissue, placental tissue). | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Equine Arteritis Virus (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: 1 mL tissue culture fluid, 1 mL semen, 1 mL EDTA whole blood. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Salmonella spp. (Culture) | One or more of the following: fresh tissue, feces, feed, drag swabs, other environmental specimen. | 7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Salmonella genus (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: 1 g feces, fecal swabs, 1 g fresh intestine, bacterial cultures. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture) | One or more of the following: 2-5 g fresh tissue, 0.5-1 mL semen, 5-10 mL heparin whole blood, swabs from affected area(s), other samples as deemed appropriate by submitter and/or professional staff. | 14-21 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF T |
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS) | 5 g fresh liver or 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples) | 2-5 days | Toxicology | CS | TF |
Metal/Mineral Panel (ICP/MS) | 5 g fresh liver or 50 mg fresh liver biopsy (approx. 3 Tru-Cut samples) | 2-5 days | Toxicology | CS | TF |
Vitamin E (HPLC) | 10 g liver | 1-7 days | Toxicology | CS | R |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
View secondary or additional tests: Dam and/or Fetal Serology
Leptospira Panel – 6 serovars (MAT) | 1 mL serum | 1-3 days 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MWF MTWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3-5 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Equine Arteritis Virus (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Histopathology – Equine Uterine Biopsy | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-3 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Fungal Identification (Culture) | One or more of the following: fresh tissue, urine, swabs, feces, fungal isolate. | 21 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Leptospira Panel – 5 serovars (MAT) | 1 mL serum | 1-3 days 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MWF MTWRF |
Leptospira Panel – 7 serovars (MAT) | 1 mL serum | 1-3 days 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MWF MTWRF |
Leptospira Panel – 8 serovars (MAT) | 1 mL serum | 1-3 days 1-2 days | Serology | CAN CS | MWF MTWRF |
Salmonella abortus-equi (Tube Agglutination) | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | NVSL | - |
Progesterone (ChL) | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Selenium (ICP/MS) | 1 mL EDTA whole blood | 1-3 days | Toxicology | CS | MTWRF |
Equine Influenza Virus Antibody Titer Panel (HI) | 1 mL serum | 2-3 days | Virology | CS | Virology |
West Nile Virus IgM (ELISA) | 1 mL serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | 2-3 days 2-4 days | Serology Virology | CAN CS | MR TR |
UCDavis PCR Lab Equine Abortion Panels (Standard Panel with Supplementary Option) | Uterine swab, placenta tissue, and/or fetal tissue (stomach fluid, liver, lung) | - | Referral | UCDavis rtPCR | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Plan: Foal
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause respiratory disease in foals.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Fresh tissue or swabs | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 & 4 (rtPCR) | Deceased animal: 1 g each fresh tissue (spleen, liver, kidney, lung, pharynx). Live animal: nasal swabs or 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Influenza A Matrix (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: tracheal or nasal swabs, 1 g fresh tracheal or lung, 1-2 mL tracheal wash. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Chemistry Profile – Equine | 0.5 mL serum or lithium heparin plasma | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
CBC – Equine | 1 mL EDTA whole blood or lithium heparin whole blood and 1-2 air dried slides | 1 day | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Necropsy | Fresh carcass | 1-4 days | Necropsy | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 9 or More Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Mycoplasma spp. – Companion Animal (Culture) | Fresh tissue or swabs | 14 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Parasite & Ova Count (McMasters) | 3-5 g feces | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Cytology – Aspirate/Smear | Air-dried slide | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Immunoglobulin G (TIA) | Serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Rhodococcus equi virulence PCR (isolate) | 1) culture (solid or liquid) or isolate; 2) tracheal wash; 3) tissue (min. 5 g) | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Rhodococcus equi (vapA gene) | Feces | - | Referral | UCDavis rtPCR | - |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3-5 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Equine Arteritis Virus (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Cornell Equine Respiratory Serology Panel: EAD SN, EAV SN, EIV HAI, EHV-1 SN, ER-A SN, ER-B SN | 3 mL serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
KSVDL EQ Respiratory Viral PCR Panel: EHV1w, EHV1m, EHV4, EIV H3N8, EVA | (5 gm) Fresh Lung, Nasal Swab | - | Referral | KSVDL | - |
EQ Rhinitis Virus A & B PCR | (5 gm) Fresh Lung, Nasal Swab | - | Referral | KSVDL | - |
Cornell EQ Respiratory PCR Panel: EHV1, EHV4, EAD1, EAD2, ER-A, ER-B, EIV, S. equi equi | 1)Nasal Swab or 2) deep pharyngeal swab or 3) trans-tracheal wash or Bronchoalveolar lavage or 4) lung tissue / Nasal, nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal swabs collected from horses with respiratory disease signs | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Equine Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Plan: Adult
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause respiratory disease in adult equines.
Recommended initial testing:
Bacterial Identification - Companion Animal (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture) | Fresh tissue or swabs | 2-7 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Antimicrobial susceptibility – Companion Animal (MIC) | Pure bacterial isolate | 1 day | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (rtPCR) | Deceased animal: 1 g each fresh tissue (spleen, liver, kidney, lung, pharynx). Live animal: nasal swabs or 1-2 mL EDTA whole blood. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CS | TWRF |
Influenza A Matrix rtPCR | One or more of the following: tracheal or nasal swabs, 1 g fresh tracheal or lung, 1-2 mL tracheal wash | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN CS | MTWRF TWRF |
Streptococcus equi (rtPCR) | One or more of the following: 1-3 mL guttural pouch washing, 1-3 mL pharyngeal wash, 1-3 mL nasal secretion, naso-pharyngeal swab, 1-2 g fresh lung, bacterial isolate. | 1-4 days | Molecular Diagnostics | CAN | MTWRF |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |
Necropsy | Fresh carcass | 1-4 days | Necropsy | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 9 or More Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Histopathology - Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues | Fixed tissue in 10% NBF | 2-5 days | Histopathology | CAN CS | MTWRF |
Cytology – Aspirate/Smear | Air-dried slide | 1-2 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Mycoplasma spp. – Companion Animal (Culture) | Fresh tissue or swabs | 14 days | Bacteriology | CAN CS | MTWRFS |
Equine Influenza Virus Antibody Titer Panel (HI) | 1 mL serum | 2-3 days | Virology | CS | R |
Equine Herpesvirus – Types 1 & 4 (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3-5 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Equine Arteritis Virus (VN) | 1 mL serum | 3 days | Virology | CAN CS | TF MF |
Streptococcus equi M-protein ELISA | 2 mL serum | - | Referral | - | |
Virus Isolation (Cell Culture) | One or more of the following: 2-5 g fresh tissue, 0.5-1 mL semen, 5-10 mL heparin whole blood, swabs from affected area(s), other samples as deemed appropriate by submitter and/or professional staff. | 14-21 days | Virology | AMA CS | TF T |
Baermann Test | 5 g feces | 1-3 days | Clinical Pathology | CS | MTWRF |
Equine Herpesvirus 2 qPCR | Nasopharyngeal swab; EDTA blood; tracheal wash; tissue culture supernatant; tissues | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Equine Herpesvirus 5 qPCR | Lung tissue; nasopharyngeal swab; EDTA blood; tracheal wash; tissue culture supernatant | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Equine Herpesvirus 2 SN | 1 mL serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
KSVDL EQ Respiratory Viral PCR Panel: EHV1w, EHV1m, EHV4, EIV H3N8, EVA | (5 gm) Fresh Lung, Nasal Swab | - | Referral | KSVDL | - |
EQ Rhinitis Virus A & B PCR | (5 gm) Fresh Lung, Nasal Swab | - | Referral | KSVDL | - |
Cornell EQ Respiratory PCR Panel: EHV1, EHV4, EAD1, EAD2, ER-A, ER-B, EIV, S. equi equi | 1)Nasal Swab or 2) deep pharyngeal swab or 3) trans-tracheal wash or Bronchoalveolar lavage or 4) lung tissue / Nasal, nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal swabs collected from horses with respiratory disease signs | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Equine lower airway PCR tests for S. equi zooepidemicus, A. equuli, K. pneumonia, Rhodococcus equi, C. pseudotuberulosis, C. immitis, A. fumigatus | Bronchoalveolar lavage or trans tracheal wash fluid. | - | Referral | UCDavis rtPCR | - |
Cornell Equine Respiratory Serology Panel: EAD SN, EAV SN, EIV HAI, EHV-1 SN, ER-A SN, ER-B SN | 3 mL serum | - | Referral | Cornell | - |
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday |