Bovine Syndromic Diagnostic Plans

TVMDL has compiled syndrome specific diagnostic plans to assist clients in efficient diagnostic testing strategies based on clinical signs or gross necropsy findings. The client still has the ability to select the tests within the diagnostic plans that fit with the diagnostic goals and pre-test clinical suspicion of each case. Simply select the syndrome most appropriate for the case and then indicate which tests are desired on the submission form.

Click below to view each plan:

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnostic Plan	Bovine Sudden Death Diagnostic Plan
Bovine Abortion Diagnostic Plan	Bovine Neurological (CNS) Disease Diagnostic Plan
Bovine Calf Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan	Bovine Pinkeye (IBK) Diagnostic Plan
Bovine Adult Diarrhea/Weight Loss Diagnostic Plan	Bovine Biosecurity Diagnostic Plan

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of the pathophysiology and etiologic agents involved the death of cattle with clinical signs or post mortem findings consistent with respiratory disease. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog. 

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Histopathology – Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues	tissues fixed in NBF	2-5 days	Histopathology	AM CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Bacterial Identification – Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)	tissues or swabs in Amies media	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AM CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test-Food Animal (please indicate MIC or KB preference)	pure isolate	1 day	Bacteriology	AM CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Respiratory Disease Panel – Bovine Bacterial (rtPCR)	lung, TTW, BAL, nasal/pharyngeal swab	1-3 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM CS	TWRF TWRF
Respiratory Disease Panel – Bovine Viral (rtPCR)	lung, trachea, TTW, BAL, nasal/pharyngeal swab	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM CS	MTWRF TWRF
Bovine Coronavirus (rtPCR)	lung, trachea, TTW, BAL, nasal/pharyngeal swab	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM CS	TWRF TWRF
Bovine Influenza D Virus (rtPCR)	Lung, trachea, TTW, BAL, nasopharyngeal swab	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM	TWRF
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Abortion Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause infectious bovine abortion as well as pathophysiology that may explain loss of pregnancy close to expected parturition. TVMDL also has a Bovine Comprehensive Abortion Serology Panel to investigate infectious bovine abortion utilizing serum from heifers or cows that suffered pregnancy loss. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Histopathology – Postmortem 8 or Fewer Tissues	tissues fixed in NBF	2-5 days	Histopathology	AM CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Abortion Panel – Livestock Bacterial (Culture)	fetal tissues, fetal stomach contents, placenta	10 days	Bacteriology	AM CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (rtPCR)	lung, trachea, nasopharyngeal swab	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM CS	MTWRF TWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (rtPCR)	lung, trachea, nasopharyngeal swab, ear notch	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AM CS	MTWRF TWRF
Leptospira spp. (rtPCR)	kidney, liver, placenta	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Neospora caninum (rtPCR)	brain, placenta, liver, lung, heart	2-3 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Vitamin A (HPLC)	10 g liver	1-7 days	Toxicology	CS	R
Trace Mineral Panel (ICP/MS)	10 g liver	1-4 days	Toxicology	CS	TR
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Calf Diarrhea Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause or contribute to neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD). The diagnostic approach will vary slightly for individual animal investigation compared to population investigation. Additional testing will be needed for calves older than 60 days old. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Calf Diarrhea Multiplex (rtPCR)	feces, GI contents, intestines	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Bacterial Identification – Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)	feces, fresh tissue	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Salmonella genus (rtPCR)	1 g feces, intestine, fecal swabs	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Salmonella serotyping	salmonella isolate	-	Referral	NVSL	-
E. coli Toxin Typing – Ruminant (rtPCR)	E. coli isolate	4-6 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AMA	R
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Adult Diarrhea/Weight Loss Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that may cause chronic diarrhea, weight loss, or poor production in adult cattle. The diagnostic plan will vary slightly for investigation of acute diarrhea with or without fever/hematochezia. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Bacterial Identification – Livestock (Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture)	feces, fresh tissue	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Salmonella serotyping	salmonella isolate	-	Referral	NVSL	-
Parasite & Ova Identification (Fecal Floatation)	3-5 g fresh feces	1-2 days	Parasitology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Calf Diarrhea Multiplex (rtPCR)	feces, GI contents, intestines	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (rtPCR)	feces, GI contents, intestines	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	CS	TWRF
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Antigen Capture ELISA)	ear notch, 1 mL serum	1-2 days	Virology	AMA CS	MTWRF TF
Bovine Leukemia Virus (ELISA)	1 mL serum	1-2 days 1-3 days	Serology	AMA CS	MR TF
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Sudden Death Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents and toxic elements that may cause sudden death. The panel also includes histopathology that can be used to guide more specific secondary testing, depending on the quality of samples available. Please call and consult with TVMDL Veterinary Diagnosticians, Pathologists, or Toxicologists if you are unsure of what tests may need to be ordered to investigate any sudden death case. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Histopathology (up to 8 tissues)	tissues fixed in NBF	2-5 days	Histopathology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Livestock Culture	tissues, swabs in Amies media	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Anaplasma marginale PCR	spleen, lung, liver, kidney	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AMA CS	MTWRF TWRF
Clostridium FA	fresh or fixed skeletal mm, cardiac mm, liver	1 day	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Rumen content microscopic analysis	2 cups – 1 quart GI contents	1-5 days	Toxicology	CS	MTWRF
Nitrates Qualitative	1 mL ocular fluid, eyeball, urine, serum, water	1-2 days	Toxicology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

View secondary or additional tests

 

Bovine Neurological (CNS) Disease Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents and pathophysiology that may cause neurologic derangement in cattle. The approach to the diagnostic investigation will differ slightly depending on animal signalment, risk factors, neurologic signs/lesion localization, and other clinical findings. Please call and consult with TVMDL Veterinary Diagnosticians, Pathologists, or Toxicologists if you are unsure of what initial tests may need to be ordered. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Histopathology	tissues fixed in NBF	2-5 days	Histopathology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
CSF Analysis – TNCC	0.5 mL CSF + dried slides	1-2 days	Clinical Pathology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
CSF Analysis – Microprotein	0.5 mL CSF	1 day	Clinical Pathology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture – Livestock	CSF, brain, CNS tissue	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Lead - Tissue	10 g kidney	1-4 days	Toxicology	CS	TR
Nitrates Qualitative	1 mL ocular fluid, eyeball, urine, serum, water	1-2 days	Toxicology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Ocular Fluid Magnesium	ocular fluid or eyeball	1 day	Clinical Pathology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Liver Vitamin Panel (Vitamin A & E)	10 g liver	1-7 days	Toxicology	CS	R
McMaster Eggs/Gram Count (Quantitative)	3-5 g feces	1-2 days	Parasitology	AMA CS	MTWRF MTWRF
Listeria monocytogenes PCR	brain, liver, spleen	-	Referral	KSVDL	-
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Pinkeye (IBK) Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the investigation of etiologic agents that can cause keratoconjunctivitis in cattle. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Aerobic & Anaerobic Culture – Livestock	swabs in Amies media	2-7 days	Bacteriology	AMA CS	MTWRFSa MTWRFSa
Mycoplasma spp. PCR	Dry swab in RTT	3-7 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AMA CS	WR TR
IBR (BHV-1) qPCR	Dry swab in RTT	1-4 days	Molecular Diagnostics	AMA CS	MTWRF TWRF
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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Bovine Serologic Biosecurity Diagnostic Plan
This plan was created to assist with the screening of animals for pre-purchase, herd biosecurity protocols, or quarantine establishment. Follow the links attached to each test name to see more detailed information from the TVMDL test catalog.

Recommended initial testing:

Test	Samples	Turnaround Time	Section	Lab	Schedule
Bovine Leukemia ELISA	1 mL serum	1-2 days 1-3 days	Serology	AMA CS	MR TF
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (ELISA)	1 mL serum	1-3 days	Serology	AMA CS	TWR MR
Anaplasma marginale cELISA	1 mL serum	1-2 days 1-3 days	Serology	AMA CS	TWR TF
BVD Antigen Capture ELISA	ear notch, 1 mL serum	1-2 days	Virology	AMA CS	MTWRF TF
Leptospira (MAT) Serology – 5 serovars	1 mL serum	1-3 days 1-2 days	Serology	AMA CS	MWF MTWRF
Basic BRD Serology Panel (H. somni, M. haemolytica, IBR, BVD (3 types), PI3, BRSV)	1 mL serum	3-5 days	Serology & Virology	AMA CS	TF TF
Bovine coronavirus VN	1 mL serum	3-4 days	Virology	AMA	TF
Bovine Basic Abortion Serology (B. abortus, N. caninum, Leptospira 5 serovars)	2 mL serum	2-3 days 2-4 days	Serology	AMA CS	MTWRF MR
Schedule: M=Monday, T=Tuesday, W=Wednesday, R=Thursday, F=Friday, Sa=Saturday

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