A viral-induced Shope fibroma was diagnosed cytologically in an adult domestic rabbit with several subcutaneous masses. Shope (rabbit) fibroma virus is spread by biting arthropods and can result in the formation of single or multiple tumors in wild and domestic rabbits. Cytologically, these tumors can appear markedly atypical, mimicking a malignant neoplasm. Thorough clinical history and recognition of the distinct cytoplasmic viral inclusions are essential for accurate diagnosis. Shope fibromas typically resolve spontaneously in two to three months.
